Abortion Laws by U.S. State

Web Scraping Data on Abortion Laws by U.S. State

# importing source
webpage <- "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion_law_in_the_United_States_by_state"

# importing table from webpage
table <- webpage %>%
  read_html() %>%
  html_node(xpath='//*[@id="mw-content-text"]/div[1]/table[2]') %>%
  html_table(fill=T)

Data Cleaning

# cleaning up column names
colnames(table) <- c("state", "on_demand_gestational_limit", "waiting_period", "mandatory_ultrasound", "counseling", "perc_counties_wo_provider", "parental_notification_for_minors", "parental_consent_for_minors")

# reordering columns
table <- table[, c(1:5,7:8, 6)]

# data cleaning
table[17,2] <- "Fertilization"
table[18,2] <- "Fertilization"
table[32,2] <- "Viability"
table[43,2] <- "Fertilization"
table[18,4] <- "24 hours"
table[49,4] <- "24 hours"
table[6,6] <- "Yes"
table[13,6] <- "No"
table[12,7] <- "One"

table$perc_counties_wo_provider <- str_remove(table$perc_counties_wo_provider,"%")
table$perc_counties_wo_provider <- as.numeric(table$perc_counties_wo_provider) / 100

Mapping Abortion Providor Access by State

# using plot_usmap() to plot data onto map of US states
static_map <- plot_usmap(data = table, values = "perc_counties_wo_provider", color = "red") + 
  scale_fill_continuous(
    low = "white", high = "red", name = "% of Counties without an Abortion Provider", label = scales::comma
  ) + 
  labs(title = "Abortion Provider Access by State", subtitle = "Source: Wikipedia") +
  theme(legend.position = "right")

static_map

Interactive Map: Abortion Access & Abortion Laws by State

Loading and Merging Shape File with Abortion Data

# loading states shape file
states <- read_sf("cb_2021_us_state_500k.shp")

# checking to make sure state names align before merging
is.element(table$state, states$NAME) %>%
  all()

# changing the column "state" to "NAME" to merge
table_2 <- table
  
colnames(table_2)[1] <- c("NAME")

# merging abortion table with state shape file
states_merged <- merge(states, table_2, by = 'NAME', all.x = F)

Creating the Interactive Map

# making the pop up info
pop_up_info <- paste0("<B>State: </B>", states_merged$NAME,"<br/>",
                      "<i>Percent of Counties with no Abortion Provider: </i>", percent(states_merged$perc_counties_wo_provider),"<br/>",
                      "<i>On-Demand Gestation Limit: </i>", states_merged$on_demand_gestational_limit,"<br/>",
                      "<i>Waiting Period: </i>", states_merged$waiting_period,"<br/>",
                      "<i>Mandatory Ultrasound: </i>", states_merged$mandatory_ultrasound,"<br/>",
                      "<i>Counseling: </i>", states_merged$counseling,"<br/>",
                      "<i>Parental Notification for Minors: </i>", states_merged$parental_notification_for_minors,"<br/>",
                      "<i>Parental Consent for Minors: </i>", states_merged$parental_consent_for_minors)

# making a color palette for the leaflet map
mypalette <- colorNumeric(palette = "Reds", domain = states_merged$perc_counties_wo_provider)

# getting underlying US map  
map_base <- leaflet() %>%
  addProviderTiles(providers$CartoDB.PositronNoLabels)  %>%
  setView(lng = -96.25, lat = 39.50, zoom = 4)

# making a title for the map
tag.map.title <- tags$style(HTML("
  .leaflet-control.map-title { 
    transform: translate(-50%,20%);
    position: fixed !important;
    left: 50%;
    text-align: center;
    padding-left: 10px; 
    padding-right: 10px; 
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.75);
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 20px;
  }
"))

title <- tags$div(
  tag.map.title, HTML("Abortion Laws by U.S. State")
)  

# making a subtitle 
tag.map.subtitle <- tags$style(HTML("
  .leaflet-control.map-subtitle { 
    transform: translate(-40%,10%);
    position: fixed !important;
    left: 50%;
    text-align: center;
    padding-left: 5px; 
    padding-right: 5px; 
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.75);
    font-weight: none;
    font-size: 2px;
  }
"))

subtitle <- tags$div(
  tag.map.title, HTML("Source: wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion_law_in_the_United_States_by_state")
) 

# adding interactive elements to the map
map_interactive <- leaflet() %>%
  addProviderTiles(providers$CartoDB.PositronNoLabels)  %>%
  setView(lng = -96.25, lat = 39.50, zoom = 4) %>%
  addPolygons(data = states_merged,
              weight = 1,
              popup = pop_up_info,
              color = ~mypalette(states_merged$perc_counties_wo_provider)) %>%
  addControl(title, position = "topleft", className = "map-title") %>%
  addControl(subtitle, position = "bottomleft", className = "map-subtitle")

map_interactive